It is, to start with, just an administrative act: the inhabitants of Barentsburg are now being registered by Norwegian authorities in the register of inhabitants of Svalbard. Until now, this was only done for inhabitants of Longyearbyen; now this practice will also be used in the other settlements. Next to Barentsburg and Pyramiden, this also includes the Polish research station in Hornsund and Ny-Ålesund, in any case provided a minimum stay of half a year for anyone to be registered as a local.
Norwegian authorities want a better overview of who is living in Svalbard. In exchange, those registered as locals do get certain rights, including more opportunities within fishing and hunting, wider-ranging rights to travel freely over larger parts of the archipelago and no environmental fee on flight tickets to Longyearbyen (which is generally included in any flight ticket to Longyearbyen). Locals can also buy a hut or flat; something that is, however, likely to remain a dream for most, considering that there are hardly any offers and, if any, prices are usually beyond of what most can pay.
Locals in Barentsburgs. Reindeer will, however not be registered.
For many however, it may make a difference to get a personal number (for non-Norwegian citizens: a so-called D-number) which is essential for things like opening a bank account in Norway, getting a mobile phone contract or pretty much any kind of insurance, register a car or snow mobile or being able to use the payment app Vipps which is very common in Norway. Some may also appreciate the opportunity to buy alcohol more freely in Longyearbyen.
According to information provided by the Russian mining comany Trust Arktikugol, there are as of 01 September 340 people living in the Russian settlements, by far most of them in Barentsburg. Amongst there, there are 202 men, 109 women and 29 children. 219 people have Russian passports and 57 are Ukrainians. In addition, there are 62 Tajiks, one Kazakh and one person from South Africa, according to Svalbardposten.